“The Challenge of Retaining Customers Acquired with Free Trials”. This is because databases like JSTOR don’t have relevant contributors, versions, publishers, or publication dates. In most cases, only the title and location (often the URL or DOI) of the second container are included in the source entry. If you accessed a journal article through the database JSTOR, the journal name is the first container and JSTOR is the second container. If you watched an episode of a TV show on Netflix, the show title is the first container and Netflix is the second container. The Penguin Book of the Contemporary British Short StoryĮlements 3 (container title) to 9 (location) all provide information about the container.Ī source can also have two containers. The container title is always italicized. If the source you’re citing is a self-contained whole (e.g. For example, a chapter is part of a book, a page is part of a website, and an article is part of a journal. No styling when describing a source without a title.Ī container is the larger work that the source you’re citing appears in.a chapter of a book, a page on a website, or an article in a journal). Quotation marks when the source is part of a larger whole (e.g.Italics when the source is self-contained (e.g.The styling of the title depends on the type of source: Use title case-capitalize all words apart from conjunctions, prepositions, and articles. If there is no title, give a short description of the source, with normal sentence case capitalization.

However, if the organization is both the author and publisher, start with the title of the source instead.Īlways include the full title of the source, including subtitles (separated by a colon and space). If so, simply use the name of the organization. The author of a source is not necessarily a person it can also be an organization. When a source has two authors, the second author’s name is shown in the normal order (First name Last name).įor sources with three or more authors, state only the first author’s name, followed by “ et al.” 1 author The name of the first author is always inverted (Last name, First name). Authorīegin each source entry with the name of the author(s) or creator(s). The nine core elements of MLA citations 1.

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